Ishami rishinzwe Imicungire y'Ingoro n'Ahantu ndangamurage/ndangamateka

Ubu, mu Gihugu hose hari Ingoro ndangamurage 8 ziherereye mu Turere 7 hirya no hino mu gihugu ari two: Nyarugenge, Gasabo, Kicukiro, Nyanza, Huye, Karongi ndetse na Gicumbi. Ingoro yafunguwe mbere y'izindi ni Ingoro y'Umurage w'Amateka y'Imibereho y'Abanyarwanda iherereye i Huye yafunguwe ku wa 18/09/1989 yitwa Inzu Ndangamurage y' u Rwanda.

Mu mwaka wa 2006, mu Gihugu hose habaruwe ahantu ndangamurage harenga 530, muri ho 107 hakozwe ubushakashatsi maze hegeranywa amakuru yaho atangazwa muri 2021 mu gitabo cyitwa “Rwanda: Amateka y’Ahantu ndangamurage” (icapwa rya 1). Hamwe muri aha hantu ndangamurage/ndangamateka hashobora gusurwa nk’igikorwa cy’ubukerarugendo gishingiye ku muco cyangwa hakaba hanakorerwa ibindi bikorwa n’imishinga byerekeye umuco.

1. Ingoro y’Umurage w’Amateka y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda

https://ethnographic.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/

Ingoro ny’Umurage w’Amateka y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda iherereye i Huye, ku birometero 132 mu Majyepfo uvuye i Kigali; Umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda. Ingoro ndangamurage y’Imibereho y’Abanyarwanda ni imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage 8 zigize Ishami rishinzwe Imicungire y’Ingoro ndangamurage n’Ahantu ndangamurage. Iyi Ngoro Ndangamurage yubatswe mu wa 1987, ifungurwa ku wa 18/09/1989 ubu ikaba imurika bimwe mu bikoresho n'ibihangano ndangamibereho byiza muri Afurika bisaga 10,000. Ifite ibyumba birindwi bimuritswemo ibintu ndangamateka, ndangamibereho, ndangabuhanzi, ibisigaratongo biherekejwe n’amashusho bigaha abashyitsi inyumvo yimbitse y’umuco w’Abanyarwanda n'imibereho yabo. 

2. Ingoro y’Abami mu Rukari

Ingoro y’Abami iherereye mu Karere ka Nyanza mu Majyepfo  kuri kirometero 88 uvuye mu Murwa mukuru Kigali. Ingoro y’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa itanga ishusho isesenguye y’imiterere y’ubutegetsi bwa cyami ndetse n’imikurirweho yabwo mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 bikozwe n’abakoroni.

Iyi ngoro yaje gusubizwa isura yayo yo mu kinyejana cya 19 hagendeye kuri kopi yayo, ikaba yarubakishijwe gusa ibikoresho gakondo.  Vuba aha, inka za cyami z’amahembe maremare bita inyambo zatangiye kuhamurikirwa kuko inka ari kimwe mu bigize umuco nyarwanda by’ibanze, zikaba zari ikimenyetso cy’icyubahiro cy’ubwami. Abashyitsi batangazwa buri gihe n’umwiyereko w’izi nyambo zamenyekanye kubera amahembe yazo maremare by’agatangaza, uburebure bwazo na kamere y’umutuzo uziranga ndetse n’amazina y’inka aziherekeza.

Iruhande rw’ingoro gakondo y’ubwami hubatswe ingoro ya kijyambere mu 1931 aho Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yari atuye mbere y’uko atanga muri 1959. Muri iki gihe, ikoreshwa mu kwerekana amateka y’u Rwanda kuva mu Kinyejana cya 15. Ku musozi byegeranye wa Mwima, umuntu ashobora kuhasura Umusezero  w'Abami ahatabarijwe Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa, Umugore we Umwamikazi Gicanda Rosalie ndetse n'Umwami wanyuma w'u Rwanda Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.

3. Ingoro Ndangamurage yo Kwigira

Iyi ngoro ndangamurage iherereye mu Karere ka Nyanza, kuri kirometero 85 uvuye mu Murwa mukuru wa Kigali, ikaba yaratangiye kubakwa muri 1957 irangira muri 1959, ikaba yari ingoro y’umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa ariko yatanze atarayituramo. Muri Gicurasi 2006, iyi nyubako yahinduwe Ingoro y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni kugeza muri Gicurasi 2018 aho ingoro ndangamurage nshyasha y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni yafunguwe i Kanombe mu Karere ka Kicukiro. Muri iki gihe ikaba yarahinduriwe imurika ubu ikaba yibanda ku “kwishakamo ibisubizo” nk’imwe mu ngamba ndetse n’ibisubizo Igihugu cyiyubatsemo mu guteza imbere ubukungu, imibereho y'Abanyarwanda no kubaka amahoro nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994. Ubu iri murika rifunguriye abantu bose ikaba ari Ingoro Ndangamurage yo Kwigira.

 4. Ingoro y'Umurage Yitiriwe Kandt

Ingoro y’Umurage yitiriwe Kandt, iherereye mu Karere ka Nyarugenge ku gahanda KN 90 St 2, kuri kirometero imwe uvuye ku iduka rya Downtown. Iyi ngoro ndangamurage, kera yari izwi nk’ingoro ndangamurage y’Amateka Kamere nyuma, ku itariki ya 17 Ukuboza 2017, iryo zina ryaje guhinduka Ingoro y’Umurage  yitiriwe Kandt.

Muri iki gihe, Ingoro y’Umurage yitiriwe kandt igabyemo ibice bitatu:

  • Igice cya mbere cyerekana ubuzima bw’Abanyarwanda mu ngeri zose (imibereho, ubukungu na poritiki: ingoma ya cyami) mbere y’igihe cy’abakoloni.
  • Mu gice cya kabiri ari na cyo kinini, ingoro ndangamurage yerekana ibyo Abanyarwanda bamenye mu gihe cy’abakoloni cyane cyane mu gihe bategekwaga n’Abadage guhera 1884 (igihe cy’inama y’I Berilini), ibike twavuga muri byo ni ibyo bakabimenya biciye mu miyoborere y’abakoloni nomu Ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi, kugeza muri 1916 harimo n’ubuzima bwa Kandt n’ibyo yakoze mu Rwanda.
  • Urundi rumurikiro rukurura abantu ni igice cya gatatu cy’iyi ngoro ndangamurage ni ahagaragazwa amateka ya Kigali mbere y’umwaduko w’abakoloni, mu gihe cy’abakoloni, ndetse n’ivuka ryayo nk’umurwa mukuru w’Igihugu.

Igice cya nyuma ariko kitari gito, ni ibimenyetso byasigaye byari iby’ingoro ndangamurage ku mateka kamere, ibyo akaba ari imurika ritazahoraho ry’inzoka nzima n’ingona (yari ifite uburebure bwa m 1 muri 2017). Mu gihe umuntu asura iki gice cyo hanze cy’ingoro ndangamurage umuntu ashobora kuryoherwa n’uburanga bw’ibimukikije; iby’ingenzi akaba ari ubwiza butangaje bw’imisozi ya Kigali, Shyorongi na Jari.

5. Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Guhagarika Jenoside

Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Guhagarika Jenoside iherereye i Kigali, mu Ngoro y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko muri metero 800 uturutse kuri Convention Center; ibirometero 4.9 uvuye ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kigali i Kanombe, bigatwara iminota 9 mu modoka uva kuri icyo kibuga. Iyi ngoro ndangamurage yafunguwe ku mugaragaro na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda Paul Kagame ku itariki ya 13 Ukuboza 2017.

Yerekana uburyo urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside rwarwanywe n’Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi nyuma y’uko Ingabo za Loni zari mu Rwanda zivanyemo akazo karenge zikigendera zigatererana abicwaga. 

Yubatse mu Ngoro y’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, ahahoze hitwa “Inama y’Igihugu Igamije Amajyambere CND” kuko iyi nzu yacumbikiye abanyaporitiki ba FPR Inkotanyi hamwe n’abasirikare 600 (3BN) bagombaga kubarindira umutekano guhera tariki ya 28 Ukuboza 1993 mu gihe bari baje gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yasinywe tariki 4/8/1993 hagati ya FPR Inkotanyi na Leta y’u Rwanda yateganyaga ko hagomba kujyaho guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yaguye  n’inteko ishinga amategeko y’inzibacyuho harimo abanyaporitike ba FPR, akaba ariho urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside rwatangiriye tariki ya 7/4/1994 ahagana saa cyenda za ku manywa nyuma y’uko Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi Maj. Gen Paul Kagame atanze itegeko ryo guharika jenoside, kurokora abicwaga no gusenya ibirindiro by’umwanzi, rigashyirwa mu bikorwa ku ikubitiro n’ingabo 600 zari muri CND zategetswe gusohoka mu birindiro byazo zikirwanaho ari na ko zirokora Abatutsi bicwaga mu nkengero z’iyi nyubako.

 

Iyi ngoro igizwe n’ibice 2:

- Igice cy’imbere kigizwe n’imbyumba 11,

- Naho igice cyo hanze kikagirwa n’ivuriro rya batayo ya 3 n’amashusho abumbye yerekana urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside.

 

6. Ingoro y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni

Ingoro y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni iherereye i Kanombe, kuri km 4 uvuye ku kibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’indege cya Kigali Kanombe. Iyi ngoro yahoze ari inzu y’umukuru w’igihugu yaje guhinduka Ingoro Ndangamurage y’Ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni guhera tariki ya 18 Gicurasi 2018.

Iyi ngoro ndangamurage yerekana ibihangano byo muri iki gihe byakozwe n’abahanzi b’Abanyarwanda ndetse n’abahanzi b’abanyamahanga. Intego y’iyi ngoro ndangamurage ni ugushyira abashyitsi bayisura mu mwihariko w’ibitekerezo by’Abanyarwanda mu guhanga no guteza imbere ubuhanzi kuva mu binyejana byahise kugeza ubu, byaba ari ibihangano bigaragaza ubuzima gakondo cyangwa ubuzima bugezweho.

Uretse imurika rihoraho, Ingoro ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi n’Ubugeni ifite igice cy’imurika ry’igihe gito ry’ibihangano ndetse n’iguriro ry’ibihangano by’abanyabugeni batandukanye. Abashyitsi bakiri bato bishimira sitidiyo y’ubuhanzi y’abana aho babona amahirwe yo kugaragaza impano zabo mu buhanzi. Icyifuzwa ni uko Ingoro ndangamurage yaba aho abahanzi bahurira bakungurana ibitekerezo. 

Abashyitsi b’ iyi ngoro, bashobora gusura ibisigazwa by’indege FALCON 50 yatwaraga Umukuru w’Igihugu w’icyo gihe na byo biboneka aha hantu yahanuwe tariki ya 06 Mata 1994.

 

7. Ingoro y'Umurage w’Ibidukikije

Ubu bwoko bushya bw’ingoro ndangamurage bwafunguye imiryango tariki ya 16 Nyakanga 2015. Iherereye ku kiyaga cya Kivu mu Ntara y’Uburengerazuba, iyi ngoro ndangamurage ikaba ari inzu igeretse indi imwe, ku gisenge cyayo hateguwe ubusitani bw’ibimera bikoreshwa mu buvuzi gakondo bw’Abanyarwanda. Ni yo ngoro ndangamurage ya mbere y’ubu bwoko ku Mugabane w’Afurika yerekana kandi imbaraga zisubira n’izitisubira ndetse n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima n’ibimera biboneka mu Rwanda. Iyi ngoro ndangamurage ibera abashyitsi aho bigira, bakumva ndetse bakanabungabunga ibibakikije kandi bakanabyubakiraho mu guharanira iterambere rihamye kandi rizaramba.

8. Ingoro y’Amateka y’Urugamba rwo Kubohora u Rwanda 

Ni ingoro imuritse amateka y’Urugamba  rwo kubohora u Rwanda izwi nko ku “Umulindi w’ Intwali”, ikaba iherereye mu karere ka Gicumbi. Bimwe mu bihamuritse umushyitsi ashobora gusura harimo indake yakoreshejwe n’uwari Umugaba Mukuru w’ Ingabo zari iza RPA mu gihe cy’uru rugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame.

Ibice byose bigize iyo Ngoro, yaba amazu, ibibuga, indaki, ibikoresho n’ibindi byose bibumbatiye amateka y’uru rugamba kandi biracyahari. Ubungubu, kuyivugurura  no kuyitegurira imurika rihoraho biriho birakorwa.

IBICIRO BYO GUSURA INGORO N'IZINDI SERIVISI ZIHATANGIRWA

Kanda hano umenye ibiciro►: https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/default-title/gusura-ingoro-ndangamurage